Abstract
Haemophilus parainfluenzae is a common inhabitant of the human upper respiratory tract of the normal oral microflora. We report three men who had been having unprotected sex with men (MSM) and subsequently acquired H. parainfluenzae urethritis, which was confirmed by 16S rRNA gene sequencing analysis. Two men were treated with ceftriaxone and doxycycline, and the third man was treated with clarithromycin. All three patients responded to treatment. This case series highlights the potential role of H. parainfluenzae as a sexually transmitted genitourinary pathogen.
Keywords:
16S RNA; Haemophilus parainfluenzae; Urethritis.
Copyright © 2012. Published by Elsevier B.V.
MeSH terms
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Adult
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Anti-Bacterial Agents / therapeutic use
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DNA, Bacterial / chemistry
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DNA, Bacterial / genetics
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DNA, Ribosomal / chemistry
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DNA, Ribosomal / genetics
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Haemophilus Infections / diagnosis*
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Haemophilus Infections / drug therapy
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Haemophilus Infections / microbiology
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Haemophilus Infections / pathology*
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Haemophilus parainfluenzae / isolation & purification*
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Homosexuality, Male
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Humans
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Male
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Molecular Sequence Data
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RNA, Ribosomal, 16S / genetics
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Sequence Analysis, DNA
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Treatment Outcome
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Urethritis / diagnosis*
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Urethritis / drug therapy
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Urethritis / microbiology
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Urethritis / pathology*
Substances
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Anti-Bacterial Agents
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DNA, Bacterial
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DNA, Ribosomal
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RNA, Ribosomal, 16S